Source: Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress

(Adopted at the 45th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th Beijing Municipal People's Congress on November 25, 2022)

Announcement of the Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress

[The 15th Session] No. 89

The Regulations for Promoting Digital Economy in Beijing, adopted at the 45th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th Beijing Municipal People's Congress on November 25, 2022, is hereby released and shall come into effect as of January 1, 2023.

Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress

November 25, 2022

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions

Chapter II Digital Infrastructure

Chapter III Data Resources

Chapter IV Digital Industrialization

Chapter V Industrial Digitalization

Chapter VI Smart City Development

Chapter VII Digital Economy Security

Chapter VIII Safeguards

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 The Regulations for Promoting Digital Economy in Beijing (the Regulations) is formulated in accordance with relevant laws and administrative provisions and the actual situation of Beijing. The purpose is to enhance the development of digital infrastructure, foster data element markets, boost digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, optimize governance within digital economy, promote the advancement of the digital economy, and build Beijing into a global pacesetter of digital economy.

Article 2 The Regulations applies to activities aimed at enhancing the digital economy within the administrative region of Beijing.

"Digital economy", as outlined in the Regulations, refers to a new economic model that relies on data as fundamental resources, utilizes modern information networks as primary platforms, and is driven by the integrated utilization of information and communications technologies alongside the digital transformation of all elements to enhance fairness and efficiency in a more balanced manner.

Article 3 Boosting the digital economy development is a vital strategy for Beijing. This process shall align with principles that are innovation-driven, integrated in approach, inclusive with shared benefits, safe and orderly, and governed collaboratively.

Article 4 Municipal and district people's governments must enhance their leadership in fostering the digital economy. They are tasked with establishing coordination mechanisms that integrate digital economy development into national economic and social development plans, and formulating and implementing promotional measures to address key challenges in boosting the digital economy development.

Article 5 Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology is responsible for organizing, coordinating, and guiding activities to promote the digital economy in Beijing. The bureau will formulate relevant promotional plans, facilitate the execution of corresponding measures, and promote the implementation of major projects. District Bureaus of Economy and Information Technology will focus on boosting the digital economy within their administrative regions.

Furthermore, municipal and district departments across various sectors such as development and reform, education, science and technology, public security, civil affairs, finance, human resources and social security, urban management, agriculture and rural affairs, commerce, culture and tourism, hygiene and health, market supervision, radio and television, sports, statistics, financial supervision, government services, intellectual property rights, cyberspace administration, and talent development are expected to contribute to digital economy promotion within their scopes of responsibility.

Article 6 The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology shall work with market supervision departments and relevant authorities to advance the formulation of local standard systems for the digital economy. Efforts will focus on establishing and refining local standards in key technologies, data governance, safety and compliance, and public data management. Usage of advanced digital economy standards will receive guidance and support.

Relevant authorities will encourage industry associations, alliances, and prominent industry leaders to participate in the formulation of international, national, industrial, and local standards for the digital economy, while supporting them in the independent development of group and enterprise standards for the digital economy.

Article 7 Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, in partnership with the departments of economy and information technology, shall optimize the statistical measurement and evaluation system for the digital economy. They are responsible for evaluating the digital economy and regularly releasing main statistical results, monitoring statistics, and comprehensive evaluation indexes to the general public.

Article 8 Entities based in Beijing will receive robust services for their digital development from the city and will be encouraged to leverage their strengths to contribute to the city's digital economy development. Beijing aims to support the integrated digital economy development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and strengthen cooperation in technology-based innovation, infrastructure construction, data flow, promotion and application, and industrial development.

Chapter II  Digital Infrastructure

Article 9 Municipal and district people's governments and their respective departments must adhere to principles focused on comprehensive planning, rational resource allocation, intensive and efficient measures, and green, low-carbon development. These efforts strive to expedite the development of digital infrastructure, covering information networks, computing power platforms, and new technology infrastructure. The digital transformation of traditional infrastructure will be promoted, alongside the construction of new urban infrastructure. The growth of digital infrastructure will be integrated into the national economic and social development plans, programs and spatial territory planning. Departments responsible for energy, land use, municipal management, and transportation must diligently fulfill their responsibilities.

Article 10 The development of information networks shall prioritize support for new-generation high-speed fixed broadband, mobile communications networks, satellite internet, and quantum communications. This aims to create a high-speed, ubiquitous network service system that integrates space and ground networks and cloud and the internet services, with a focus on safety and control.

In new, renovated, or expanded residential areas and commercial buildings, information networks shall be designed, constructed, tested for acceptance, and operationally integrated alongside the main building project. Enterprises involved in information network operations will have the right to fair market access and must avoid monopolistic practices or unfair competition. Users shall retain the right to select their telecommunications service providers.

Additionally, the construction of information network pipelines shall be conducted in a coordinated manner. Space resources, such as urban roads and rail transit systems, shall be utilized efficiently to reduce and minimize disruptions to urban traffic while ensuring equitable and inclusive access to network services for information network operators.

Article 11 To establish IoT sensor networks, safe and reliable intelligent sensors that are cost-effective, energy-efficient, and highly precise will be installed. These aim to enhance IoT coverage across sectors, including industrial manufacturing, agricultural production, public services, and emergency management.

Beijing will support the development of vehicle-infrastructure collaboration , promote the digital transformation and development of road infrastructure and traffic signs, and enhance integration between roadside units and traffic management and control facilities.

Article 12 The development of computing power platforms shall adhere to principles of sustainability, green, low-carbon, intensive practices, and efficiency. Efforts will focus on establishing urban intelligent computing clusters and collaborating with neighboring cities to create a national hub for the integrated national computing network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Beijing will enhance computing power coordination, promote intelligent deployment, and diversify supply while improving edge computing capabilities for specific applications. The goal is to promote the ecological integration and development of data resources, computing power, algorithms, and development platforms.

Support will be provided for implementing total capacity controls, phased deployment, and regional collaborations for new data centers, alongside adjustments and technological upgrades for existing data centers.

Article 13 New technologies such as AI, blockchain, big data, privacy computing, and urban space operating systems shall be collectively promoted in the development of new technology infrastructure. Support will be extended to establish common platforms featuring general algorithms, foundational technologies, and open-source software and hardware.

For new technology infrastructure primarily funded through financial resources, project operators shall provide society with open and shared services while maintaining safety and standard operations.

Article 14 Unless stipulated by laws or administrative regulations, the development of digital infrastructure may proceed through various methods, including government investment, government-enterprise partnerships, and franchises. All eligible market entities and private investors have the right to participate equally in the investment, construction, and operation of digital infrastructure projects.

Chapter III  Data Resources

Article 15 Beijing shall enhance the security, protection, development, and utilization of data resources. The city will make efforts to promote the open sharing of public data, accelerate the cultivation of data element markets, facilitate the orderly flow of data elements, improve allocation efficiency, and strive to establish a revenue distribution mechanism for data elements.

Article 16 Public data resources shall be managed under a unified catalog system. The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology will collaborate with relevant departments to develop standards for compiling public data catalogs. Public institutions shall follow these standards and management regulations, compile public data catalogs for their respective industries and sectors, and submit data to the municipal big data platform as required. Public institutions must ensure that the data collected is legal, accurate, complete, and timely, and they are encouraged to explore new methods for managing data catalogs.

"Public institutions", as outlined in the Regulations, includes Beijing's state organizations at all levels and entities authorized by law to manage public affairs. "Public data" in the Regulations refers to all types of data processed by public institutions in the course of fulfilling their responsibilities and providing public services.

Article 17 The People's Government of Beijing Municipality shall establish and improve a public data-sharing mechanism in the city to support the interconnectivity between public data and related business systems.

Beijing Big Data Center is responsible for collecting, cleaning, sharing, opening, utilizing, and evaluating public data. The center will utilize different methods such as centralized procurement, data exchange, and interface invocation to aggregate non-public data. It will build and maintain municipal big data platforms, public data open platforms, and fundamental databases involving natural persons, legal entities, credit information, spatial geography, electronic licenses, and electronic seals. The goal is to strengthen data support across departments, regions, and levels.

District People's Governments may establish big data centers in alignment with unified municipal planning within districts and conduct unified management of public data resources.

Article 18 The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, in collaboration with District People's Governments and relevant public institutions, shall develop and release an annual list or plan for public data accessibility based on principles highlighting specific demands, classification and grading, safety and controllability, high efficiency and convenience. Public data will be made available for the public via methods such as unconditional and conditional access. Entities and individuals can access public data through open public data platforms.

Moreover, entities and individuals are encouraged to share non-public data following the laws to promote data integration and innovation.

Article 19 Beijing will establish special public data zones for key sectors such as finance, healthcare, transportation, and space and encourage conditional access and social utilization of public data. The People's Government of Beijing Municipality may undertake the authorized operation of these public data zones.

Additionally, the municipal government and corresponding authorities may explore the creation of designated public data zones and develop new supervisory methods that align with the digital economy's features.

The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology will support the establishment of public data open innovation hubs, laboratories, research centers, and technical centers related to big data, providing a trustworthy environment and specific data for eligible entities and individuals to promote data integration and innovative utilization.

Article 20 Unless specified by laws or administrative regulations or agreed upon by the parties involved, entities and individuals are permitted to legally store, hold, use, process, transmit, provide, disclose, or delete data they have lawfully collected. The relevant rights and interests associated with products and services derived from the data collection are protected by law.

Furthermore, unless stipulated by laws or administrative regulations, entities and individuals may digitally simulate urban infrastructure, buildings, structures, and objects while ensuring security. They retain the relevant rights and interests to these digital products. If consent from relevant rights holders or applicable departments is required, such consent must be obtained.

Article 21 Beijing will encourage market entities to explore the pricing mechanism for data assets, establish data asset catalogs, and stimulate their investment within the digital economy sector. Efforts will be made to create a registration and evaluation mechanism for data assets while promoting innovation in digital economy formats, including data shareholding, data credit, data trust, and data asset securitization. Additionally, the city will develop data service market focusing on data transaction matching, evaluation and assessment, trustee operations, compliance auditing, dispute arbitration, and legal services.

Article 22 Beijing will support data trading activities within legally established data trading institutions. These institutions shall develop data trading rules and conduct compliance reviews regarding data sources from providers and the identities of all transaction parties. The institutions must keep detailed records of these reviews and transactions, establish early warning systems for identifying abnormal trading behaviors, and ensure that data transactions are fair, orderly, secure, controllable, and traceable.

Public institutions in Beijing will offer data services and engage in data product trading through these trading institutions.

Market entities are encouraged to conduct transactions via data trading institutions.

Chapter IV  Digital Industrialization

Article 23 Municipal and district people's governments and their corresponding departments shall support basic research in digital industry and efforts aimed at making breakthroughs in key and core technologies. They shall guide enterprises, universities, research institutes, new-type R&D institutions, and open-source communities to improve the supply of basic software and hardware, core components, essential materials, and production equipment for cutting-edge fields. Emphasis will be given to developing core industries of the digital economy, including high-end chips, new displays, basic software, industrial software, AI, block chain, big data, and cloud computing. In addition to supporting enterprises to develop the digital industry, the governments and their departments will set up a multi-tier enterprise framework.

Article 24 Beijing will support the establishment of open-source communities, platforms, and projects. The focus will be on encouraging open and innovative development in software and hardware while promoting the collaborative development and sharing of innovation-based resources.

Article 25 Beijing will support the R&D and utilization of network, data, and algorithm security technologies, along with related software and hardware products. Additionally, the city will promote the growth of data security services industries, including security consulting and design, security assessments, data asset protection, storage encryption, privacy computing, detection and authentication, monitoring and early warning, and emergency response. Relevant professional institutions will receive support in providing services in accordance with law. Furthermore, public institutions and other organizations are encouraged to increase their investment in data security.

Article 26 Beijing will foster the standardized and healthy development of platform enterprises, encouraging them to leverage internet advantages to increase R&D investment, enhance cooperation, and facilitate resource-sharing among platform enterprises as well as with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Efforts will be made to optimize the platform development ecosystem, promote the integrated growth of digital technology with the real economy, and empower the transformation and upgrading of economy and society.

The departments responsible for development and reform, market supervision, cyberspace administration, and economy and information technology shall optimize the development environment of the platform economy, promote the open ecosystem of platform enterprises, and facilitate government-enterprise data exchange and sharing through methods such as project collaboration.　

Article 27 Beijing will support innovation in digital economy formats and strive to optimize and upgrade online services and products, such as remote work. The city will guide the orderly development of new self-employed businesses and encourage individuals to engage in employment and entrepreneurship through emerging platforms related to e-commerce, social media applications, knowledge sharing, audio-video websites, and maker spaces.

The city will also support comprehensive testing and demonstration operations of autonomous driving technologies and foster new business forms, including intelligent connected vehicles, intelligent buses, unmanned delivery robots, intelligent parking solutions, and intelligent vehicle maintenance services.

Beijing will advance the establishment of internet hospitals and encourage innovative medical services such as online consultations, remote diagnostics, robotic surgeries, and smart pharmacies. Furthermore, the city will standardize and promote new healthcare services utilizing intelligent healthcare equipment while innovating the supervision of AI-driven medical methods and devices.

Beijing will also support the development of data-driven R&D and knowledge production industries. The city will focus on new cross-disciplinary models of knowledge innovation and production based on big data and AI applications, facilitating data-centered integration of industry, academia, research, and practice.

Article 28 Beijing will support the establishment of digital economy industrial parks and innovation bases, encouraging the development of digital industries in key area, gathering digital industries in industrial parks and cultivating digital industry clusters.　

Article 29 The commerce departments shall work with relevant departments to promote the high-quality development of digital trade, explore relaxing access to new forms of digital economy and developing digital ports, international information industries, and digital trade ports. Efforts will be made to support the growth of cross-border trade, logistics, and payment solutions, promote the international mutual recognition of digital certificates and electronic signatures, establish dedicated channels for international internet data and international data information, and support application platforms based on advanced technologies such as block chain to facilitate digital trade delivery and settlement.

Chapter V  Industrial Digitalization

Article 30 Beijing will facilitate the internet development across agriculture, manufacturing, construction, energy, finance, health care, education, and circulation. The city plans to support the digital transformation and upgrading in different industries, help industrial internet platforms integrate industrial resources, provide innovative services like remote collaboration, online design and marketing, and supply chain finance, and establish and improve security guarantee systems and industrial ecosystems.　

Article 31 The economy and information technology departments shall work with authorities responsible for state-owned assets supervision and administration to encourage state-owned enterprises to integrate internal information systems and develop data-driven decision-making capabilities across R&D and design, production and processing, operation and management, and sales services, aiming to enhance efficiency in enterprise operations and industrial chain coordination and set up an industrial benchmark for comprehensive digital transformation.

The economy and information technology departments shall support the digital transformation of SMEs, foster the growth of third-party professional service providers, and encourage internet platforms and leading enterprises to share data resources and enhance platform capabilities. The departments shall support innovation and entrepreneurship among micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and entrepreneurs, creating a market-driven digital transformation service ecosystem supported by public services.　　

Article 32 The economic and information technology departments shall work with communications management authorities to enhance industrial internet identity resolution system and new industrial network deployment, provide support to industrial enterprises in their digital transformation efforts, accelerate the construction of intelligent factories and workshops, and cultivate and popularize new models such as intelligent production, network-based collaboration, and personalized customization.　　

Article 33 Local financial regulatory authorities shall advance the establishment of a digital finance system and assist financial institutions in expediting their digital transformation. They shall encourage the development of inclusive finance through the integration of data applications, facilitate the in-depth utilization of digital technologies in processes such as payment and clearing, registration and custody, credit rating, and cross-border settlement, and enrich the pilot application scenarios and industrial ecosystems of the e-CNY. Furthermore, entities and individuals shall receive support to utilize the e-CNY.

Article 34 The commerce departments shall collaborate with relevant authorities to help traditional commercial models such as supermarkets embrace digital upgrading. Efforts shall be made to support the digital promotion of traditional and time-honored brands and facilitate the digital transformation of lifestyle service industry.　　

Article 35 The agricultural and rural affairs departments shall partner with relevant authorities to promote the digital transformation of agricultural and rural infrastructure and the construction of information network infrastructure. Efforts will be made to support the in-depth application of technologies, including the IoT, remote sensing and monitoring, block chain, and AI to enhance the digital maturity of agricultural product production, processing, sales, and logistics, improve public services and governance in rural areas, and foster innovation-driven development in digital villages and smart agriculture.

Article 36 The education, culture and tourism, sports, and radio and television departments shall support and regulate new digital consumption models such as online education, online tourism, digital publishing, convergence media, and digital animation. The departments will work together to develop new digital cultural consumption opportunities and enhance cyber protection for minors. Furthermore, the departments will encourage the establishment of smart museums, sports venues, and science and technology museums so as to enhance the quality of digital life for citizens.

Chapter VI Smart City Development

Article 37 Municipal and district people's governments and their corresponding departments shall pursue a smart city goal that emphasizes optimized government services, public benefits, thriving business development, and enhanced security. Priority will be given to smart city applications in transportation systems, ecological environmental protection, space management, law enforcement and justice, humanistic environment, business services, lifelong education, and healthcare services. This will facilitate smart city infrastructure development, covering city codes, spatial maps, basic toolkit, computing power facilities, perception systems, communications networks, government cloud, big data platforms, and smart terminals.

The People's Government of Beijing Municipality shall establish and enhance a comprehensive coordination mechanism for its smart city development, focusing on planning and promoting the overall digital transformation of social governance, creating a smart city planning system, and facilitating information resource sharing and business collaboration among urban systems through a unified infrastructure, smart terminals, and common business support platforms. The aim is to enhance the intelligent level of urban management and services.

Article 38 The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology shall partner with relevant departments to develop the municipal smart city development plan and regulatory framework. These plans shall be submitted to the People's Government of Beijing Municipality for approval before implementation. The relevant departments of District People's Governments and the People's Government of Beijing Municipality shall create regional regulatory frameworks and specific plans according to the municipal smart city development plan and regulatory framework, and are responsible for their execution.

Article 39 Government affairs service departments shall collaborate with relevant authorities to take comprehensive and systematic measures that enhance the one-network application handling of digital government services according to high standards. This includes making government services standardized, normalized, and user-friendly, promoting unified access path and full process digitization of online services, and fostering widespread application and mutual recognition of electronic certificates, seals, and archives.

Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission shall work with relevant departments to monitor and analyze the business environment, implement comprehensive management, and carry out the "Internet+" evaluation, so as to establish an interconnected business environment system.

Article 40 Urban administration departments shall join forces with relevant authorities to advance the one-network unified management across urban operations and create a comprehensive urban operation management platform. By utilizing technologies such as the IoT and block chain, they will monitor the essential functions of urban operations. The in-depth utilization of digital technologies will be conducted across various sectors, including municipal administration, urban transportation, ecological environment, public health, social security, and emergency management, so as to enable rapid responses and coordinated action during major emergencies.

The market administration departments shall work with relevant authorities to enhance integrated and comprehensive supervision. They shall make the most use of public data and regulatory systems across different fields. New supervisory models, including off-site law enforcement, credit supervision, and risk early warning will be implemented to improve the overall regulation standards.

Article 41 The economy and information technology departments shall work with relevant authorities to enhance one-network smart governance across all decision-making levels. They will develop a unified platform for smart decision-making applications and support the development of intelligent decision-making management information systems at different levels. This will coordinate and guide the city, districts, townships, sub-districts, communities, and villages to carry out smart data applications.　　

District People's Governments and relevant departments will leverage the unified smart decision-making platform to enhance decision-making processes at all levels and strengthen data-driven governance at the grassroots level.

Article 42 Public institutions shall encourage various market entities to participate in smart city development through diverse scenario-opening initiatives. Opportunities for testing and verification, pilot utilization, and industrial incubation of new technologies, products, and services shall be made available. Additionally, municipal science and technology departments shall work with relevant authorities to regularly release open lists of application scenarios.

Public institutions and state-owned enterprises shall be encouraged to provide access to application scenarios, adopt market-oriented approaches, and enhance their digital governance capabilities and application efficiency.

Article 43 Information projects funded by the government - whether newly established, renewed, expanded, operated, and maintained through the funds - must align with the Smart City Development Plan. These projects are required to undergo technical reviews conducted by the economy and information technology authorities at the same levels and must adhere to process management standards that include project planning, development, acceptance, operations, maintenance, upgrades, and performance evaluations. Projects that fail to meet the process management requirements are not permitted to proceed or obtain funding. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology shall work with relevant authorities to formulate specific measures for the process and submit them to the People's Government of Beijing Municipality for approval before implementation.

Entities providing services for the development of information projects for public institutions must follow applicable laws and regulations to transfer software source code, data, and relevant control measures. Each entity must also fulfill a warranty period of at least two years and is prohibited from retaining, using, disclosing, or providing public data to unauthorized third parties without the consent of the relevant parties.

Chapter VII  Digital Economy Security

Article 44 Municipal and district people's governments, along with their departments and other organizations involved, shall work together to enhance comprehensive assessment of security risks associated with the digital economy. They shall promote the supply of a wide array of key products to improve the resilience of the industry and supply chains. Efforts will be focused on guiding private investment toward original and leading innovative fields while supporting the innovation of the business formats and models characterized by sustainable development. The innovation of digital finance will be standardized to prevent additional business risks.

Article 45 Beijing will protect data-related rights and interests in accordance with the law. Any entity or individual involved in data processing must comply with all the relevant laws and regulations, observe public order and customs, and adhere to sci-tech ethics. It is prohibited to engage in any activity that may jeopardize national security, public interests, or the legitimate rights and interests of others.

No entity or individual is permitted to process personal information of others without the authorization, as stipulated by law.

Article 46 Municipal and district people's governments and their corresponding departments shall establish and improve coordination mechanisms for data security. They shall carry out data classification and grading, conduct security risk assessments, and take security assurance measures. Emphasis will be placed on monitoring, early warning, and emergency responses to protect national sovereignty, security, and developmental interests effectively. These efforts aim to enhance the level of data security protection in the city and protect personal information rights and interests. Competent departments in different industries, along with district people's governments, will be responsible for guiding and supervising data security in their respective industries and regions. The main person in charge of each entity will bear primary responsibility for the entity's data security.

Article 47 The municipal cyberspace administration shall work with public security organs and other authorities to ensure robust protection of critical information infrastructure. They shall establish a cybersecurity assurance system for key information infrastructure and create effective mechanisms for cross-domain, cross-departmental, and government-enterprise cooperation to jointly prevent and control security risks. Measures will be taken to monitor, defend against, and respond to cybersecurity threats and risks, and safeguard critical information infrastructure from attacks, intrusions, interference, and destruction. Any illegal or criminal activity disrupting the security of critical information infrastructure security will be punished according to the law.

Article 48 For data processing activities, it is essential to establish a data management and compliance operation system that fulfills the obligations for data security protection. Relevant systems must be strictly implemented regarding the lawful use of personal information, commitments to safe data use, and the security management of cross-border transfers of significant data. Security assessments must be conducted on anonymity and de-identification technologies for specific applications. Necessary technical measures must be taken to enhance the security protection of personal information and prevent illegal misuse. Every entity is encouraged to appoint a chief data officer.

Enhanced risk monitoring in data processing activities is necessary. If risks such as defects or flaws in data security are identified, immediate remedial actions must be taken. In the event of a data security incident, prompt response measures must be implemented, including timely notifications to users following regulations and reporting to the relevant competent authorities.

Article 49 Platform enterprises shall establish and refine their management rules for their platforms. They are prohibited from exploiting data, algorithms, traffic, markets, or capital to undermine or restrict the independent operations of other platforms and applications, harm the legitimate rights and interests of SMEs, or resort to unfair differential treatment towards consumers or impose restrictions on their choices.

The authority responsible for development and reform, market regulation, and cyberspace administration shall develop and enhance governance rules and supervision methods for the platform economy. They shall investigate and address monopolistic practices and unfair competition according to the law and protect the legitimate rights and interests of platform operators, SMEs, and consumers.

Chapter VIII  Safeguards

Article 50 Beijing will establish and refine a new governance model for the digital economy that encourages participation from and effective coordination among governments, enterprises, industrial organizations, and the public. The city will create a coordinated and unified framework and regulatory system for digital economy governance, aimed at fostering collaborative supervision mechanisms across different departments and regions.

Industrial associations, chambers of commerce, and alliances within the digital economy industries are encouraged to strengthen self-discipline, develop and improve service standards, and create accessible, highly efficient, and friendly mechanisms and channels for dispute resolution for their corresponding industries.

Platform enterprises are encouraged to establish online dispute resolution mechanisms and channels while developing and publicizing rules for addressing disputes.

Article 51 The departments responsible for cyberspace administration, education, human resources and social security, and talent development, among other issues, shall take the lead in implementing a national plan to improve digital literacy and skills of the general public. The relevant departments shall streamline the processes for attracting Chinese and foreign talent in the digital economy domains and provide support in terms of housing, children's education, medical services, professional title evaluations, etc.

Universities, colleges, vocational colleges, and primary and secondary schools are encouraged to offer a wide range of teaching and training programs at various levels and of different disciplines focusing on the digital economy.

Additionally, enterprises and educational institutions will receive support to jointly establish diverse talent training facilities such as industry-education integration bases, laboratories, and training facilities, and develop more approaches to talent cultivation. These are aimed at training comprehensive professionals skilled in digital technology and management.

Article 52 The departments responsible for finance, development and reform, science and technology, and economy and information technology, among other issues, shall effectively allocate financial resources and various industrial funds to enhance financial support for the R&D of key and core technologies related to the digital economy, the development of major innovation platforms, and pilot applications and industrialization. The departments concerned shall guide and encourage private entities, such as angel investors and venture capital firms to increase financial investments in the digital economy. Financial institutions will be encouraged to innovate their products and services in the digital economy sectors.

Upon legal approval, a government procurement purchaser is permitted to acquire the first piece (set) of equipment, the first group of products, or the first version of software that meets minimum amount standards for public bidding through non-public bidding. This aims to facilitate the utilization and promotion of digital technology products and services.

Article 53 The departments responsible for the issues concerning intellectual property rights shall implement regulations to protect data-related intellectual properties and make efforts to protect these rights. The departments involved shall establish a navigation system for patents and intellectual property rights and support the formation of industrial intellectual property alliances within the digital economy sectors. Guidance will be strengthened for enterprises in managing their overseas intellectual property rights, including the development of an overseas early warning and dispute response mechanism. Additionally, a streamlined and rapid review and rights protection system will be established to address infringement in accordance with the law.

Article 54 The departments responsible for government services, hygiene and health, civil affairs, economy, and information technology, among other issues, shall take measures to encourage relevant entities to provide accessible and user-friendly intelligent products and services for the elderly and individuals with disabilities. The aim is to foster an accessible digital environment. For individuals facing challenges in using digital public services, alternative services and products must be made available.

Article 55 Municipal and district people's governments and their corresponding departments shall put more effort into publicizing information on laws, regulations, policies, and knowledge related to the digital economy. They shall effectively manage the Chinese and international versions of their official websites, conduct thorough research on theories and practices of the digital economy, and create a positive environment for the digital economy development.

Article 56 International cooperation in the digital economy will be encouraged. Support will be provided for participation in the development of international rules, standards, and agreements. Cooperation platforms for international exhibitions, forums, trades and other commercial activities, competitions, and training will be established to facilitate mutually beneficial cooperation in areas such as cross-border data flow, access to digital service markets, and safety certification of digital products.

Article 57 Governments and their corresponding departments are encouraged to, based on actual conditions, explore measures to drive the development of the digital economy within the framework of the rule of law. Individuals and entities that encounter mistakes or deviations during these explorations, if meeting specified criteria, may qualify for exemptions from liability, reduced penalties, or diminished responsibilities.

Chapter IX  Supplementary Provision

Article 58 The Regulations shall come into effect as of January 1, 2023.