Tongzhou District sits at the northern end of the Grand Canal in the southeast of Beijing. It shares boundaries with the districts of Chaoyang and Daxing to the west and Shunyi to the north. The Chaobai River serves as a natural boundary to the east and separates Tongzhou District from Sanhe, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, and Xianghe County, Hebei Province. To the south, the district is bound by Wuqing District, Tianjin, and Anci District in Langfang, Hebei Province.

Tongzhou District is located in the alluvial plain of the Yongding and Chaobai Rivers, features flat terrain and 13 rivers with a combined length of 245.3 kilometers, including the key waterways of the northern Grand Canal, Chaobai River, Liangshui River, and Fenggangjian River. The district has a temperate continental semi-humid monsoon climate.

Tongzhou District administers ten towns, one Hui Township, and six sub-districts.

As the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center (BMC), Tongzhou District bears the crucial mission of decentralizing non-capital functions, fostering the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and pioneering innovative strategies for enhancing development in densely populated economic hubs.