The Implementation Plan is developed to align with Beijing's unique circumstances, aiming to thoroughly implement the decisions and initiatives set forth by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council regarding the advancement of the digital economy. It seeks to accurately follow a new stage of development, adopt new development concepts, establish a new development model, and expedite the process of building Beijing into a global benchmark city for the digital economy.

I. General Requirements

(I) Guiding Principles

Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Beijing will prioritize the coordination of development and security while focusing on cutting-edge global technologies and future strategic needs. Our goal is to foster the deep integration of digital technologies with the real economy, establish a Beijing model for advancing China's digital economy, and set a Beijing benchmark for the global digital economy growth. Beijing will accelerate the process of transforming Beijing into a global digital economy benchmark city through fully implementing the principles outlined in the 19th CPC National Congress and the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee. High-quality development will be our priority, with supply-side structural reform as a main strategy and scientific and technological innovation as driving forces.

(II) Overall Goals

Through five to ten years' persistent efforts Beijing will strive to create "six highlands" to drive the growth of the global digital economy.

—Beijing will establish a range of data-native infrastructures with strong demonstration and leadership capabilities, fully leverage digital scenarios, and become an influential urban digital transformation highland.

—Beijing will build a world-leading hyper-scale data platform to facilitate data capitalization and attract over 30 percent of the top 100 digital economy benchmark enterprises in the global market value, positioning Beijing as an international highland for data resource allocation.

—Beijing will cultivate emerging industrial clusters in areas such as next-generation digital travel, new digital health services, intelligent manufacturing, data-supported R&D and knowledge production, digital finance, and digital energy services. This will help Beijing become a leading incubation highland for emerging digital industries.

—Beijing will concentrate on making breakthroughs in challenging and cutting-edge fields such as high-end chips, basic software and hardware, development platforms, basic algorithms, quantum science and technology, and brain-computer interfaces. Beijing will introduce a range of pioneering technologies and products that will establish Beijing as a global highland for digital technology innovation.

—Beijing will develop a digital governance system for megacities, significantly enhance urban governance capabilities, and position Beijing as a highland for modern digital governance solutions in China.

—Beijing will achieve breakthroughs in foreign digital trade, cross-border data flows, and the establishment of fundamental common standards in the digital domain to make Beijing a highland for international cooperation and openness in the digital economy.

(III) Phased Objectives

By 2022 Beijing will enhance the infrastructure and support systems essential for the digital economy, strengthen the advantages of data resources, continue to unfold the vitality of digital technology innovation, accelerate digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, and make remarkable progress in cultivating benchmark projects and enterprises. These efforts will improve Beijing's influence in the digital economy and further solidify its status as a national benchmark city.

By 2025 Beijing will establish a data-driven high-quality development model, maximize the potential of data resources to significantly enhance the formation of digital enterprise and industrial clusters, establish a complete digital industry chain, and cover all sectors with digital technologies. Our goal is to empower comprehensive economic and social development, pushing the added value of the digital economy to reach approximately 50 percent of the gross regional product, and positioning Beijing among the world's leading cities in the digital economy.

By 2030 Beijing will implement a comprehensive digital governance system for megacities, develop numerous globally-oriented research service institutions focusing on the digital economy and accumulate vast amounts of high-frequency global circulation data. This will maintain a robust and sustainable digital innovation capability. Beijing aim to play a leading role in formulating international rules and standards while continuously increasing the digital economy's contribution to the gross regional product, ultimately establishing Beijing as a global benchmark city in the digital economy.

II. Establishing a World-Leading New Digital Economy System

Beijing will strengthen the construction of digital city infrastructure, drive innovation in digital technologies with a focus on data assets, and connect the entire chain of data generation, aggregation, transaction, consumption, and application. Beijing will strive to cultivate data-driven future industries, establish rules and development measurement systems for the digital economy, and form an open and dynamic digital social ecosystem.

(I) Leading the Development of Data-Native Urban Infrastructure

Beijing will support the deep integration of next-generation information technology with urban infrastructure to create a data-native urban infrastructure system. This will help Beijing's transition from a digital twin to a digital-native model in urban digitalization.

Beijing will expedite the establishment of a city equipped with comprehensive sensor terminals. Beijing will enhance the overall planning and management of these devices. Efforts will be made to implement a coordinated promotion mechanism featuring unified standards, ledgers, and execution. Beijing will comprehensively upgrade and optimize sensing systems for road traffic and municipal facilities, promote the construction of sensing foundations such as smart poles, towers, and expand the reach of narrow-band IoT sensing networks. Beijing will accelerate the implementation of the city code project to standardize the identification of urban entities and enable integration, connection, and sharing of basic sensing data from individuals, enterprises, and IoT.

Beijing will build intelligent, connected urban roads. Efforts will be made to advance and upgrade the Beijing Advanced Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone, define standardized intelligent digital intersections, and deploy reusable digital facilities to support autonomous driving. Basic traffic elements and management rules will be transformed into accessible digital codes for driverless vehicles to facilitate the widespread operation of advanced autonomous vehicles based on real-time road traffic information. Beijing will carry out pilot programs to explore smart infrastructure construction and operational strategies for urban roads and expressways. Efforts will be made to further promote the achievements of the advanced autonomous driving demonstration zone, build and renew road networks to achieve vehicle-road coordination in big cities. Our goal is to digitize all elements of the city-level transportation system. By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, Beijing will complete 1,000 kilometers of intelligent connected roads, positioning Beijing as a leader in intelligent road connectivity.

Beijing will develop a digital urban utility tunnel system. Efforts will be made to use sensing and communications technologies to establish an urban utility tunnel system. The system will serve as a digital city infrastructure backbone, capable of automatically sensing and generating data while linking to networks for data connection and safe operations. Beijing will promote the intelligent transformation of utility services, covering water, electricity, gas, and heat, while developing smart buildings and gated communities characterized by high-density sensing capabilities. Our focus will also include establishing a sensing system based on energy consumption data and encouraging the integration of digital technologies with green, low-carbon technologies in urban construction and transportation.

Beijing will construct a world-leading network infrastructure. Efforts will be made to expedite the 'double gigabit' initiative to ensure gigabit access and full 5G coverage. This will involve building dedicated networks and edge computing power systems for a data-native model, a new-generation digital trunking private network, a highly reliable and low-latency internet of vehicles (IoV), industrial internet, and satellite internet solutions.

(II) Collecting and Activating Hyper-Scale Data Element Assets

To sustain Beijing's growth under the framework of reducing its non-capital functions, Beijing will position data as a new driving force. Our plans include gathering and activating vast data resources, fostering the data service industry, and exploring effective models and feasible paths for the capitalization, marketization, and industrialization of data resources.

Beijing will build a data resource pool backed by diverse sources. Efforts will be made to establish a coordination mechanism for data resources. The mechanism will help create a data labeling system supported through data physical convergence and logical integration to collect and utilize multi-source public data from governments, enterprises, and various domestic and international institutions. This foundational work will unlock the value of data assets.

Beijing will establish a collaborative and efficient computing center system. Efforts will be made to coordinate computing center resources from government, public, and private cloud services to form a comprehensive framework combining municipal and regional computing centers to provide a per capita computing power of 3,000 gigaflops in Beijing. Beijing will promote innovation-driven cloud service development, support cloud architecture optimization and cloud-edge-terminal integration, and enhance edge computing growth. Traditional data centers will be upgraded and reshaped through using virtualization, green energy-saving, and automation technologies to achieve low-carbon growth. Additionally, Beijing will develop a coordinated model for data centers within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, utilizing computing power resources from energy-rich areas to foster phased development and computing power integration in this region and strive to become a global leader in terms of data center density.

Beijing will establish a data asset industry chain. Beijing will break barriers from data sourcing to flow and application. Our goal is to nurture an industrial ecosystem centered around data asset management, transactions, and services. Beijing will encourage enterprises to share data in compliance with laws and regulations and support industry leaders and digital platform enterprises in developing a third-party big data services sector. Enterprises that can conduct data analysis are encouraged to offer this service to specific industries such as healthcare, finance, and retail. Companies from various sectors will receive support to set up data asset management and operation enterprises. Beijing will explore methods of valuing data assets, facilitate transactions on data platforms, data banks, trusts, and intermediary services that connect governments, enterprises, and individuals, and build a comprehensive operational ecosystem for data capitalization. Beijing will provide innovation-driven financial services, including pledge financing, insurance, guarantees, and securitization of data assets. Additionally, Beijing will establish robust system capabilities for data security and support the growth of the data security service industry.

(III) Focusing on Establishing an Open and Interconnected International Data Hub

Beijing will build the Beijing International Data Exchange with high standards. Beijing will participate in the development of the Digital Silk Road, collect international data resources and explore rules, applicable technologies, and business models of data trading. This will enable us to offer data value discovery and data asset trading services tailored to the global market.

Beijing will build a functional area for digital trade. Beijing will establish a high-level digital trade port to attract and gather domestic resources while influencing and driving external growth. Thus, Beijing will become a new channel for the aggregation and allocation of high-end elements and quality resources on a global scale. Efforts will be made to gather more competitive domestic and foreign enterprises and facilitate the establishment of platform-based projects such as headquarters, R&D centers, and operation centers of international digital trade leaders. Moreover, Beijing will support local multinational enterprises to establish overseas cloud platforms and promote various business formats, such as cloud services, cross-border e-commerce, cross-cultural communication, and digital content development.

Beijing will build a computing platform for data fusion, exchange, and processing, while making efforts to develop cloud data production facilities such as metadata gateways, converged hybrid databases, and converged AI computing sandboxes. Beijing will support the creation of data consumption pools and data valves for privacy computing and multi-party secure computing, facilitate broad connections between data resources across platforms, domains, and regions, and help digital enterprises and institutions join forces in computing.

(IV) Highlighting and Cultivating Data-Driven Future Benchmark Industries

Regarding a new generation of digital travel industry, Beijing will leverage autonomous driving technologies and vehicle-road collaborative solutions to coordinate vehicles, roads, cloud platforms, networks, and maps to facilitate the transformation of transport means, infrastructure, and travel services. Efforts will be made to develop next-generation transportation solutions that cover the intelligent connected new energy vehicle production, the IoV systems, autonomous driving technologies, smart public transport, and intelligent travel solutions. These advancements will systematically enhance Beijing's traffic operations. Beijing will also prioritize the development of innovative products characterized by the digital economy, such as advanced autonomous vehicles, technical solutions for multi-sensory integration and multi-functional poles, traffic management systems driven by unified traffic data, and commercial autonomous taxi services. Additionally, Beijing will explore cooperative applications for vehicle-road coordination, including intelligent toll collection, urban traffic management, and autonomous logistics delivery.

Regarding a new digital healthcare industry, Beijing will establish a brand-new healthcare service system that integrates health management, disease diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation and healthcare solutions, and elderly care services. The system will leverage health-oriented big data and AI-supported platforms, focus on citizens' needs, and receive support from network-based medical resources. Beijing will promote AI-based medical knowledge, cloud-based medical information, networked medical resources, and remote healthcare services and explore innovative business forms and models of digital healthcare services. Beijing will implement a digital health management system where each individual is given a unique QR code, accelerate the development of digital hospitals, and enhance the online accessibility of medical resources within offline hospitals. Furthermore, Beijing will focus on the R&D and production of intelligent medical equipment, including intelligent medical imaging equipment, surgical robots, rehabilitation robots, and AI-assisted diagnosis systems. Beijing will also encourage the adoption of Beijingarable devices and diagnostic equipment.

Regarding intelligent manufacturing industry, Beijing will support the intelligent transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises and explore new services driven by digital chains for business chains. Beijing will support regional cooperation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to establish cloud platforms for industry, finance, and exhibitions and foster a digital ecosystem within this region. Beijing will create new business forms such as industrial internet platforms, industrial e-commerce platforms, digital design services, and service-oriented manufacturing. Beijing will implement leading projects such as the "New Intelligent Manufacturing 100" to upgrade the capabilities of high-precision and cutting-edge manufacturing enterprises, and build a number of global benchmark factories for intelligent manufacturing.

Beijing will advance the digital energy sector in pursuit of carbon neutrality. Efforts will be made to coordinate energy and carbon emissions and create a multi-energy complementary energy internet and an energy big data platform. Beijing will prioritize a comprehensive reform of the energy production, transmission, and consumption ecosystem. Efforts will be made to integrate cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation communications, AI, and industrial software. Key initiatives will include expediting the implementation of distributed energy cloud network solutions and exploring new business forms like virtual power plants and electric load aggregation services. Additionally, Beijing will accelerate the digital transformation of energy enterprises and construct intelligent power grids and smart heating networks to spearhead the development of a fully digitized and intelligent urban energy system. Our efforts will encompass the development and promotion of innovative energy storage products, digital energy equipment, and distributed energy systems tailored for various scenarios such as transportation, industrial parks, and buildings while ensuring seamless integration of software and hardware as well as photovoltaic energy generation, storage, and charging solutions.

Regarding the digital finance industry, Beijing will establish a multi-level and systematic digital finance supervision and risk prevention and control system to enhance financial supervision efficiency. Focusing on strengthening Beijing's role as the national financial management center and centering around key sections such as payment and settlement, registration and custody, credit rating, asset trading, and data management, Beijing will support the implementation of key digital finance institutions and major projects to improve financial infrastructure digitization. Beijing will enhance pilot projects in digital finance, promote the full-scale application of e-CNY, and advance reform experiments and practical applications such as digital insurance. Additionally, Beijing will create a platform for the development and exchange of the digital finance industry, host high-level digital finance forums, and establish fin-tech demonstration parks.

Regarding data-backed R&D and knowledge production industry, Beijing will leverage high-density data platforms across various fields, including geospace, environmental resources, meteorology, medicine, cognitive science, and biological systems to foster a new paradigm for data-intensive scientific discovery. Our focus will be on integrating industry, academia, research, and application through data to create a new ecosystem that combines big devices with big data and AI with R&D to fully empower research activities like new drug development, new materials advancements, and new product design. Furthermore, Beijing will establish knowledge bases through vast data sets, and new-generation intelligent knowledge retrieval and knowledge graph service platforms so as to actively embrace innovative interdisciplinary knowledge models and production methods using big data and AI applications, and promote the digital economy transformation of industries such as media, communication, publishing, and education.

(V) Conducting Pilot Projects to Support Digital Technology Innovation in Advance

Focusing on the data chain framework of sensing, transmission, computing, and application, Beijing will advance technology innovation patterns that serve identification analysis, window period capture, resource coordination, centralized breakthroughs, and scenario-based applications so as to establish a brand-new digital technological innovation paradigm, featuring independent and controllable technologies, integration of industry and research, and coordination between software and hardware.

Beijing will conduct pilot projects in advance to develop 6G networks. Efforts will be made to support integrated communications technologies, including next-generation information and communications networks, communications-sensing integration, AI-communication fusion, satellite-ground integrated networks, and intrinsic security technologies of communications networks so as to achieve breakthroughs in technologies such as THz communications, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), 6G wireless network architecture, and communication channel modeling and simulation. Beijing will also collaborate on the R&D of high-end chips, core devices, and simulation verification platforms related to 6G technology.

Beijing will conduct pilot projects in advance to develop quantum technology. Beijing will focus on developing superconducting quantum computers and conducting experiments that demonstrate quantum supremacy. Beijing will advance the preparation of topological qubits and the R&D of quantum dot quantum circuits to achieve international leadership in this field. Furthermore, Beijing will cultivate an industrial ecosystem and user community around quantum computing technology while developing specialized operating systems of quantum computers. Beijing will develop quantum algorithms and application software for their application in quantum chemistry, big data search, AI, and new drug R&D.

Beijing will conduct pilot projects in advance to enhance algorithm innovation. Efforts will be made to expedite breakthroughs in key emerging technologies such as data weaving, embedded AI, low-cost single-board edge computing, differential privacy, and authenticated traceability in areas of marshaling architecture, algorithm trust, 'beyond-silicon' technologies, and digital self. Beijing will accelerate the formation of internationally influential and leading Chinese AI chips and deep learning frameworks, along with the R&D of ultra large scale intelligent models such as Chinese language-based, multimodal, and cognitive models with trillions of parameters. Additionally, Beijing will build a comprehensive cross-media knowledge graph covering multiple sources, disciplines, and data types of billions of entities, and establish independent AI basic software and hardware technologies and ecosystems.

Beijing will conduct pilot projects in advance to develop blockchain. Beijing will accelerate technology breakthroughs in consensus mechanisms, distributed storage, cross-chain protocols, smart contracts and other areas around the high-performance, security, privacy protection, and scalability of blockchain, and achieve significant technological advancements in large-scale blockchain algorithm performance.

Beijing will accelerate the integration of biology and information technology. Beijing will promote the development of essential tools for high-dimensional, cross-scale, and multimodal life information collection and analysis devices as well as instruments and modules for bionic perception, computation, and control. Beijing will focus on breakthroughs in pioneering technologies, including brain and brain-inspired information systems, central nervous system-based information processing, 3D biological analysis and simulation technologies, DNA storage and computing methods, and human-computer intelligent interaction technologies.

(VI) Joining Hands to Create a World-Leading Digital Society Ecosystem

Beijing will accelerate the development of digital citizens. Efforts will be made to expedite the creation of a unified platform for personal digital identities and establish a collaborative trusted digital identity service system within the city. To address emerging employment needs in the digital economy, Beijing will introduce supporting policies and develop employment frameworks aligning with digital economic growth. Additionally, Beijing will set up digital community centers to provide guidance and training tailored to the needs and characteristics of the elderly, and explore products and services that are adapted to their needs.

Beijing will accelerate the digital transformation of enterprises. Beijing will drive the digital transformation of enterprises across various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services, by implementing a series of exemplary projects. Through utilizing cloud technologies, platforms, intelligent technological transformation, and green technological transformation projects, Beijing will support tens of thousands of enterprises to realize comprehensive digital transformation and intelligent upgrading. Beijing will encourage manufacturing enterprises to use intelligent manufacturing equipment and information management systems to accelerate their upgrading to “Internet+manufacturing”. By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan Period, industrial enterprises above designated size will achieve automation, networking and intelligent improvements of critical technology equipment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will embrace cloud based platforms, and digital operation methods such as online office services, remote collaboration, and collaborative development will be widely used. The city is projected to be a world leader in terms of the robot ownership rate per 10,000 individuals.

Beijing will speed up the development of a digital government. Efforts will be made to establish a modern governance system characterized by comprehensive digitalization. Beijing will promote all-round, systematic and transformative reforms in government services through digital technology to enhance the efficiency of government service. Beijing will take further actions to promote data openness, create new mechanisms and platforms for data-driven government management, and facilitate data-supported decision-making processes.

Beijing will accelerate the progress of a digital society. Beijing will continue enhancing digital technology applications across various social sectors and improving the digitization of public services and social governance to achieve more significant breakthroughs in digital education, culture, society security, and community growth. By fostering integrated development among culture, commerce, and tourism with digital technologies, Beijing will leverage digital connections and experience to enrich tourism with cultural experiences, enhance business opportunities through cultural activities, and promote tourism via cultural essence so as to advance the establishment of an international center for consumption. Additionally, Beijing will guide digital platform enterprises toward healthy, orderly growth, facilitating more widespread online-offline integrated application scenarios and interactions.

(VII) Leading the Development of Digital Economy Rules for Mutually Beneficial Cooperation

Beijing will establish a balanced mechanism for cross-border data flow that prioritizes both security and development. Beijing will explore case-specific rules and cooperative norms through digital trade ports and implement pilot projects for enterprise data flow. Beijing will improve the data classification and grading security protection system through using the cross-border flow of personal information as a focus. Additionally, Beijing will thoroughly assess technologies and regulatory rules related to safe international data transactions through digital Customs and international big data exchanges.

Beijing will create a two-way development model that encourages both internal and external openness. Efforts will be made to actively expand digital market access and conduct more pilot projects in areas such as digital product security testing, security capability certification, and value-added telecommunications business licenses. Beijing will support enterprises and institutions in deepening cooperation on technical standards and jointly developing solutions in fields like 5G, industrial internet, and digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. Beijing will also help them integrate into the global digital science and technology innovation chain and ecosystem actively. Furthermore, Beijing will explore the establishment of regulatory sandboxes to foster two-way open innovation in areas such as autonomous driving, high-precision maps, radio frequency spectrum, blockchain, and AI applications. Beijing will undertake forward-looking research on digital taxation and propose taxation strategies for key sectors in the digital economy.

Beijing will develop a global trade digitalization demonstration zone. Beijing will comprehensively advance pilot programs for innovative services trade development and explore the establishment of a digital trade demonstration zone in Daxing District. Beijing will explore the creation of a system for trade digitalization standards, innovate in digital payment and settlement methods, and integrate smart supply chain platforms so as to stimulate new business opportunities related to trade digitalization and promote the digital reform of global trade. Additionally, Beijing will strengthen the framework for digital resource protection and promote the utilization of digital technologies throughout the international trade process.

(VIII) Scientifically Establishing a Comprehensive and Systematic Development Measurement System

Beijing will establish a dynamic tracking mechanism to follow global trends. Beijing will strengthen regular communication, collaboration, and exchanges with countries along the Belt and Road, the European Union and BRICS countries and other key regions to establish a digital economy cooperation mechanism. Beijing will continuously monitor the latest developmental outcomes in the global digital economy to gain insights into its current status and evolving trends.

Beijing will develop a standardized measurement index system. Efforts will be made to systematically construct an evaluation index framework for global digital economy benchmark cities from the dimensions of digital infrastructure, data asset valuation, data trading capability, digital economy scale and structure, and digital technology integration and application. Beijing will establish a robust framework for measuring the digital economy, and conduct comparative research and evaluations of digital economy development across major cities.

Furthermore, Beijing will create a competitive platform that drives the advancement of the digital economy. Beijing will establish authoritative and influential research institutions focused on the digital economy. Beijing will develop authoritative products such as the Beijing Digital Benchmark City Index and Annual White Paper[003] , and organize the release of evaluation indicators for benchmark cities in the global digital economy.

III. Organizing and Implementing Leading Projects

The city is committed to prioritizing the fundamental, comprehensive, and critical aspects of the digital economy by launching a range of benchmark projects. These initiatives aim to create iconic facilities, systems, institutions, environments, products, and services that truly highlight the digital economy era.

(I) Project for Creation of a Digital City Operating System

Beijing will develop a next-generation, digital-native city operating system that serves as a foundation for city-level applications involving IoT, AI, and 5G technology. This project will accelerate the establishment of intelligent urban model systems and deploy intelligent equipment control models, models for perceptual data analysis and annotation, and reasoning service models and platforms that interact with the city sensing network. The city aims to create a comprehensive intelligent service foundation. It will implement various sensing technologies, including 3D intelligent scanning, QR code sensing services, urban video monitoring networks, electronic non-stop toll collection (ETC) systems, and automatic ticketing and checking systems for rail transit to develop a sensing terminal system. Additionally, Beijing will assign unique codes to spatial and logical entities across the city, ensuring that each individual, object, and event has a corresponding code, thereby forming an urban spatiotemporal coding system. Beijing will leverage technologies such as knowledge graphs, graph processing, and prediction to develop an intricate network of relationships between urban spatial objects.

(II) Project for Establishing an Urban Super Computing Center

Beijing will establish an urban supercomputing center by utilizing technologies such as intelligent computing sandboxes, metadata gateways, sensing service gateways, and privacy computing data valves. This center will feature integrated computing and transmission capabilities with hybrid connectivity, and promote the coordinated advancement of data, computing power, and algorithmic ecosystems. Beijing will collect diverse data resources across different fields and types to accelerate the creation of AI-oriented hyper-scale sample databases, aiming to establish a foundation for urban data assets. Moreover, Beijing will collaboratively integrate cloud training centers and edge inference platforms to develop service platforms such as engineering platforms with distributed features and inference platforms for human-computer interaction. Efforts will be made to develop various data exchange platforms, enhance the capabilities of Beijing as a hub for the supply and demand dispatch of urban data, and promote efficient connections between data supply and demand while ensuring the intelligent and systematic allocation of data assets. Smart management and control of infrastructure, including urban visual and traffic perception networks, will enable effective AI applications.

(III) Project for Establishment of Beijing International Data Exchange

Beijing will explore establishing a data circulation mechanism that encompasses data registration, evaluation, sharing, transactions, applications, and services. This effort aims to guide the convergence and integrated utilization of data while building a hub for cross-border data trading. It will develop a data transaction system centered around plaintext and privacy-based computing data transactions, accelerating the standardized operation and pilot promotion of data transactions. Beijing aims to enable the development, utilization, and secure circulation of high-value data through the establishment of Beijing Data Asset Evaluation Center[004] . It will formulate specific rules and mechanisms for grading and classifying high-value sensitive data transactions. The city aims to attract enterprises under the direct management of the central government, leading Internet companies, financial institutions, and data intermediary service agencies to form a data trading alliance, facilitating data transactions in vertical domains such as digital finance, digital healthcare, autonomous driving, and the industrial Internet.

(IV) Demonstration Project of Full-Scale Advanced Autonomous Driving Operation

Beijing will take the lead in implementing networked cloud control technology and provide sensing and decision-making support for autonomous vehicles through vehicle-road connectivity and cloud collaboration. By 2022, it aims to complete five key support systems for, respectively, intelligent vehicles, smart roads, real-time cloud platforms, reliable networks, and accurate mapping. Beijing will introduce new transportation infrastructure operators and explore innovative digital transportation business models. Additionally, it will build a comprehensive application environment for digital transportation and encourage advanced autonomous driving application scenarios, involving driverless taxis, buses, logistics trucks, sanitation vehicles, etc., to serve as exemplars and cases in regions permitted by Beijing and the state. Beijing will establish a pilot zone for policy implementation, conduct innovative supervision for applications, form new regulations for data traffic, and provide policy support for the innovative application scenarios of autonomous driving.

(V) Project for Establishment of a Cross-System Digital Medical Demonstration Center

Beijing will leverage data and digitization as key drivers to coordinate medical resources across the city to build a community of healthcare services that shifts the healthcare sector's focus from treatment-centered approaches to health-centered strategies. To achieve this, Beijing will collect health data based on a unique code for each individual and utilize various privacy computing technologies to create a health data-sharing mechanism that fully safeguards personal privacy. Additionally, Beijing will develop an operating system for digital health management and an intelligent medical middle platform, contributing to the creation of a comprehensive intelligent medical ecosystem. A cross-system digital disease prevention and control system will be developed utilizing data analysis, gene technologies, and AI predictions. This will integrate services such as intelligent medical treatment, disease prevention, elderly care, and healthy living and sports, for reconstructing the digital health service industry chain.

(VI) Digital Community Development Project

Beijing aims to develop new models of community governance and services, comprised of foundational bases, core platforms, and application scenarios. The Huilongguan and Tiantongyuan regions will together serve as pilot areas for developing a digital governance model for super-large urban communities. The city will connect data channels at the municipal, district, town, and township (sub-district) levels to establish a data foundation for grassroots community management and public services. Focusing on the entire community life cycle and leveraging both online digital platforms and offline service institutions of communities, Beijing will facilitate the connection of government service platforms, community perception facilities, and household terminals, integrating various aspects of the community economic circle. The aim is to enhance the upgrading of large urban industries by optimizing community micro-ecosystems and to create a virtuous circle consisting of data, algorithms, and services. Beijing will encourage the evolution of individual equipment and fragmented services into a cross-scenario intelligent experience, enabling the parallel development of smart communities and the integration of industries, the city itself and residents.

IV. Nurturing and Enhancing Leading Digital Economy Enterprises

Beijing will emphasize digital industrialization and industrial digitization to facilitate the integration of the innovation chain with the industry chain of the digital technology sectors. By coordinating support for the digital transformation of traditional enterprises alongside the development of digital technology companies, it aims to nurture a range of benchmark enterprises distinguished by, respectively, technology-based innovation, digital empowerment, platform services, and application scenarios, among other aspects.

(I) Cultivating Benchmark Enterprises in Basic Digital Technology Sectors

Beijing will focus on key technologies such as high-end chips, silicon photonic chips, sensors, operating systems, open-source technologies, and critical AI algorithms. Its goal is to develop a range of benchmark enterprises that are independently controllable and marked by open-source and opening-up, and integrate production-research capabilities, alongside coordinated software and hardware solutions. The city will spare no effort to support enterprises in carrying out basic research and achieving technological breakthroughs while securing independent intellectual property rights. Beijing aims to help enhance their capabilities in technological innovation, foster driving forces of industrial clusters, integrate industry chains, and formulate standards. It will explore developing international open-source communities, support the establishment of open-source platforms, and foster internationally competitive open-source projects and industrial ecosystems. Furthermore, Beijing will assist SMEs in collaborating with leading companies through various approaches, including technology shares (i.e. technologies appraised as capital stock), to establish innovation consortia that contribute to resource sharing, complementary advantages, and collaborative innovation.

(II) Establishing Benchmark Enterprises Marked by Digital Empowerment

Beijing will accelerate digital empowerment across sectors such as modern agriculture, infrastructure, and urban services to develop transformation exemplars among enterprises characterized by coordinated supply and demand chains, dynamic resource allocation, and open data sharing. Enterprises will be encouraged to digitally transform and upgrade core value links, key processes and procedures, production units and lines, and workshops and factories. The city will make efforts to enhance the provision of system integration services and establish digitally empowered benchmark enterprises in the intelligent manufacturing sectors. The city's support will be extended to enterprises transitioning to those in the service-oriented manufacturing domain, which includes the provision of the services of digital design and those concerning supply and marketing orders, driven by data platform innovation. Beijing will also enhance professional service capabilities, including consulting, planning, design, integrated implementation, operation and maintenance while nourishing digitally empowered service benchmark enterprises. Innovation through collaboration between software providers and intelligent manufacturing equipment manufacturers will be encouraged to deliver platform-based and modular industrial system solutions, ensuring the intelligent, harmonious development of production, supply, and marketing across various sectors.

(III) Driving Growth of Digital Platform Benchmark Enterprises

Beijing will establish industrial Internet platforms for new business services, collaborative work environments, digital residency, and knowledge production while nurturing a range of digital platform benchmark enterprises that can make the most of data value. Beijing aims to integrate advanced technologies with industrial digital models and support the establishment of industry-specific industrial Internet platforms and technology-specific professional industrial Internet platforms. Enterprises will be encouraged to explore new models such as collaborative design, coordinated outsourcing and innovation, shared manufacturing, and distributed manufacturing while seeking new business opportunities in predictive equipment maintenance, energy efficiency optimization of equipment, and product derivative services. By supporting enterprises in building ecosystems that span chips, systems, software and hardware, the city will launch new industrial platforms that integrate end products, operating systems, and application services. Beijing will promote data interconnection across platforms, establish a mutual recognition mechanism for data dictionaries of different platforms, develop inter-platform interface specifications, and form a multi-tiered systematic platform system that promotes coordinated growth. Beijing also strives to integrate consumer Internet platforms with industrial Internet platforms to foster a new model characterized by demand-driven, flexible manufacturing, and coordination among supply chains.

(IV) Incubating Leading Enterprises Characterized by New Models and Applications

Beijing will support the commercialization of digital technologies, data products, and services and help put them into service, through data-native urban infrastructure. Through the opening-up of city-wide applications, Beijing aims to foster brand-new applications in areas like next-generation digital travel, new digital health services, digital communities, cultural, commercial and tourism consumption, and public services, to cultivate a range of benchmark enterprises with their business structures and models fundamentally transformed. The city's focus will be on enhancing the incubation ecosystem for new-type enterprises by providing comprehensive services that span projects, enterprises, and industrial incubation. Beijing will explore the "reverse incubation" model to develop a new system that promotes technology commercialization through applications and validates technological achievements through practical utilization.

V. Supporting Measures

(I) Optimizing the Coordinated Support Mechanism

Beijing will establish a dedicated task force with the objective of positioning Beijing as a global benchmark city for the digital economy. Its efforts will enhance top-level design and strategic guidance to stimulate growth in the digital economy sectors while improving the overall coordination of benchmark projects, critical issues, key programs, and significant challenges. Beijing will make a list of policies and tasks for the development of a benchmark city in the domains of the digital economy, along with a technology development roadmap, which will be continuously advanced and dynamically updated. Additionally, Beijing will sort out the existing policy frameworks supporting digital economic growth and enhance supporting measures for funding and talent development. Beijing will empower market entities and encourage leading digital economy enterprises to take the initiative in integrating industrial resources and establishing specialized development platforms.

(II) Playing a Leading Role in Regulation and Standard Formulation

Beijing will expedite local legislation regarding the digital economy, develop the corresponding implementation measures, and create a regulatory framework addressing key issues such as data ownership, data trading rules, cross-border data flows, and prevention of platform monopolies. Efforts will be made to enhance standardization and the leading role of standards and rules. Beijing will support entities such as industrial associations, industrial alliances, and leading enterprises in contributing to the development of a variety of standards, actively establishing national standardization pilot projects in the digital economy sectors, and striving to develop international standards. To facilitate this process, Beijing will establish Beijing Digital Economy Development Alliance[6] , formulate new rules for the digital economy, and support the advancement of technologies, products, and services related to the digital economy.

(III) Coordinating Development and Security in Digital Economy

Beijing will adopt an inclusive and cautious regulatory approach to establish and enhance a market supervision system for the digital economy. Efforts will be made in this regard, including refining regulatory measures for identifying platform monopolies among platform enterprises, managing the grading, classification, collection, and use of data, and protecting consumer rights, while preventing unchecked capital expansion and enhancing daily anti-monopoly supervision. Beijing will leverage scientific and technological achievements to foster regulatory innovation and develop robust supervision systems and monitoring platforms. By integrating the strengths of various social entities, Beijing will reinforce joint supervision, credit oversight, complaint reporting, risk warning, and Internet monitoring mechanisms to optimize the governance structure of the digital economy.

(IV) Building an International Development Platform

Beijing will utilize international platforms, including the Belt and Road Initiative, BRICS Summit, and G20 Summit to strengthen global cooperation in areas such as infrastructure development, digital transformation, e-commerce, international standardization, and international talent exchanges. The city has organized several sessions of the internationally recognized Global Digital Economy Conference to create a platform for international exchanges and cooperation in this field. Furthermore, Beijing will encourage partnerships with foreign sci-tech parks and innovation-driven enterprises to conduct pioneering research in digital technologies, promote applications in benchmark industries, and offer innovation services. Its plan includes establishing a digital economy research institute highlighting international cooperation to enable non-governmental cross-border data collaboration and exchanges.

(V) Conducting Pilot Policies for Innovative Activities

Beijing will actively implement pilot policies and gather data resources. Its exploration will focus on innovating management systems related to data element markets, data asset management, digital trade, and digital technology innovation. Within the frameworks of pilot free trade zones, Beijing will introduce pilot supervision measures through regulatory sandboxes, formulate specialized protective policies for data transactions and cross-border data services, and utilize data trading platforms to establish safe supervisory standards for cross-border data transmission.

(VI) Optimizing Business Environment for Digital Economy

Beijing will establish open and transparent market access standards and operational rules to dismantle industrial monopolies and reduce market segmentation that hinders innovation. By leveraging the leading role of Beijing Internet Court, the city will enhance intellectual property protection, expedite the establishment of an intellectual property protection system, and intensify efforts to combat infringements. Beijing will improve the investment and financing support systems for the digital economy while developing and enhancing sustainable mechanisms for nurturing digital enterprises. Through enterprise alliances, Beijing will promote collaborative efforts in system solutions, technological innovation, and development of application scenarios, particularly for the digital transformation of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Beijing will make concerted efforts to attract and train high-level talent in the digital economy sectors. Additionally, Beijing will explore and carry out innovative policies such as streamlining merger and acquisition approval processes to enhance legal support mechanisms. By optimizing resource allocation, it will draw innovation-driven enterprises in the digital economy sectors, attract capital investment, and pool and cultivate talented minds in the digital economy sectors worldwide.