In order to reach the above targets, we will focus on the following:

1. Stimulating development and deepening reforms in an all-round way.

We will continue to emancipate our minds, carefully study and plan various reforms, implement critical reform measures down to the last detail, accelerate reforms whose directions have been clearly set, deepen ongoing reforms, and develop a more efficient, equitable and sustainable economy and society. 

Accelerating the transformation of government functions. We will continue to put relations between government and market in good order, streamline administration and delegate power, and reduce micro-level management; we will strengthen public services, market supervision, social management, and environmental protection. We will continue to cut the number of approvals or, alternatively, delegate power to lower authorities; and streamline approvals for remaining items. We will replicate and improve the experience of pilot projects for streamlining approval of investment projects and set up a unified on-line approval system. We will accelerate the building of a Municipal Administrative Service Center, introduce innovation in approval and service mechanisms and raise efficiency in granting approvals. We will strictly control the size of government organizations and reduce the number of employees on the government payroll. We will formulate guidelines on government purchase of public services and diversify suppliers. We will actively but prudently reform public service institutions (shiye) by category, and transform institutions with the right prerequisites into enterprises or corporations. 

Upholding and improving the basic economic system. We will improve the management system for state-owned assets, shifting from managing enterprises to managing capital, identify the direction and focus of state investment and capital operation, and gradually establish a model of “regulation by category”. We will deepen reforms of state holding natural monopoly industries, and promote market-based public resources allocation. We will improve the modern corporate system and accelerate the corporatization and privatization (through IPO) of state-owned enterprises. We will actively develop businesses of mixed ownership and support integration between municipal SOEs and central SOEs, private enterprises, collectively-owned enterprises and foreign enterprises. We will support the sound development of non-public sectors of the economy; protect the property rights, legitimate rights and interests of economic sectors with varied ownerships by law; and introduce measures for enterprises from non-public sectors to participate in franchise business. We will implement regulations encouraging the development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), improve the public service system for SMEs, timely address problems confronting the development of private businesses and small-, medium-, and micro-sized enterprises, and keep improving the development environment . 

Improving modern market systems. We will facilitate business registration system. We will balance ex ante regulation with “during-the-event” and ex post regulation. We will abolish regulations that prevent the formation of a unified market and fair competition, introduce innovation in market regulation models, improve credit reporting system in the whole society, put in place a unified market-based information platform, and improve credit disclosure and credit constraints mechanism. We will accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market, support the expansion of the SMEs share transfer system and promote the development of the regional equity exchange market. We will improve the land reserve system, and introduce flexible industrial land selling and leasing mechanism. We will gradually set up a unified construction land market for urban and rural areas. We will further rationalize prices for the non-residential use of water, gas and electricity and promote tiered water pricing for residential use. In line with the principle of separating for-profit services from non-profit services, we will reform management of and subsidies for public utilities and initiate reform of public transport fares and ticketing systems at an appropriate time.

Strengthening efforts on reform of the fiscal and taxation system. We will improve the budget management system, explore a cross-year budget balancing mechanism, and promote formulation of three-year rolling budgets; we will strengthen expenditure management, adjust the expenditure structure, and improve efficiency in the use of government funds. We will improve the management of government debt, and regulate borrowing, management, use and repayment thereof; gradually include government debts into the “all-inclusive budget”-management and report to the corresponding level of People’s Congress for examination and approval to control debt risks. We will expand the program for “replacing business tax with value-added tax” and implement national taxation reforms including excise tax and resource tax. We will clearly delineate power and expenditure responsibilities between the municipal government and district/county governments, improve the general fiscal transfer payment system, examine, consolidate and regulate earmarked transfers, and increase investment in projects concerning air pollution control, watercourse management, and environmental remediation. We will improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism for large-value special funds, expand pilot programs for municipal budget performance management, and carry out pilot programs for competitive allocation of fiscal expenditure. We will improve information disclosure for the fiscal budget and budget outcomes. 

Deepening reform of investment and funding mechanisms. In line with the nature and functional position of the capital city, we will work out a negative list and let enterprises decide where to invest. We will improve the mechanisms for investment and operation, for return and compensation, and encourage and support non-governmental investment. We will continue pilot programs in the following areas: rail transportation, metropolitan road infrastructure, integrated transportation hubs, sewage treatment, solid waste treatment, municipal heating, etc. We will expand channels of funding for the renovation of run-down areas and for protecting features of the ancient capital. We will actively introduce non-governmental capital into science, education, culture, health, and sports sector to privatize and commercialize non-essential public services. We will improve the management and fund-raising mechanisms of government investment and financing platforms, and work on experiments to issue local governments bonds. We will set up a financial and banking service platform for the scientific and technological sector; make progress in developing national insurance industrial park; and support the establishment of financing institutions by private capital, such as small and medium sized banks, finance leasing companies, and financial companies for individual consumption; we will promote the healthy development of on-line banking and set up a regulatory system to ensure local financial security.

Further deepening reforms in rural areas. We will maintain and improve the basic rural management system and make further progress in bringing collectively-held land into circulation, make further progress in the operation of assets and organization of farmers, and empower farmers with more property rights. We will promote equal treatment of rural and urban key elements in transactions, and balance the allocation of public resources. We will accelerate the development of a new type of agricultural operation system and encourage the transfer of rights to contracted farm land to the new type operators. We will promote the recognition and certification of contract operation rights in farm land and use-rights in collective construction land, and set up a market for the transaction of rural property rights. We will disseminate experiences of Xihongmen of Daxing District and Dongsheng of Haidian District; and carry out pilot programs for coordinated utilization of collectively-owned construction land, thereby boosting the development of collective economy. We will improve rural financial service system and agricultural risk control system. We will deepen reform in collective forest rights. We will take steps to put vacant rural residences back in the market in a well-organized manner. We will carry out pilot programs for land-taking system reform and make progress in converting farmers who have lost their land to a non-agriculture registration status and summary conversion of all villagers into registered urban residents with a share in the collectively-owned assets. 

Improving institutional mechanisms for green development. We will improve the eco-civilization indicator system and evaluation mechanisms, set up a most rigorous regulatory system for protection of the environment, and improve the system for ecological compensation and paid use of ecological resources; we will strengthen support for ecological conservation areas. We will draw red lines in forests, green lands, wetlands, rivers, lakes and other water systems for eco-protection and strictly protect the natural ecological space. We will study the establishment of a monitoring and early warning mechanism on the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. We will impose restrictive measures on development in drinking water source protection areas, ecologically sensitive and fragile areas and areas where environmental quality indicators seriously exceed limits. We will support pilot programs for carbon emission trading and set up market-based mechanisms for non-governmental investment in ecological conservation.

Introducing innovation in social management. We will follow the principles of “systematic approach, rule of law, comprehensive management, and rectification at the source”. We will continuously make efforts at improving social management, and establish interaction among government management, social self-adjustment and residents’ self-governance. We will improve the organization and operation of community resident committees and village committees, implement “participatory consultation” as a model for autonomous government, and expand the scope and channels for participation of citizens in social management structures. We will continue to improve the working system of “focal points” for social organizations, thereby nurturing high-quality social organizations. We will decouple industry associations and chambers of commerce from administrative organs and explore the possibility of multiple associations for one branch of industry. We will strengthen the team building of social workers and promote institutionalized volunteer services. We will plan and implement pilot programs for interaction between communities, social organizations and social workers, so as to enhance the capability of social management at the community level. We will further offer popular education in legal matters, strengthen the development of legal service teams, make legal services available to all neighborhoods, communities and villages, and improve our citizen’s awareness of the rule of law, so as to promote rule of law in city development. 

2. Resolving developmental problems and continuing to improve the city’s sustainability.

The tension between population, resources and the environment is a developmental problem that cannot be circumvented. It bears on the vital interests of the people, the image of the city and the overall development. We must, therefore, deal with the problem seriously, and address both symptoms and root causes.

Strengthening control of population size. Based on the city’s functional orientation, optimized industrial structure, improved resource allocation, better planning, and guidance, we will further study, as a way to address the root cause, strategies for controlling the population size. We will focus on the present with an eye on the future, and implement specific measures to slow down growth of the number of permanent residents. Firstly, we will strengthen overall planning and coordination. We will conduct population-size, traffic and water impact assessments for major programs, policies and projects and study the creation of a mechanism that links government investment and resource allocation with population growth control. We will break down and clarify control targets for districts and counties, and supervise and evaluate the implementation for key projects. Secondly, we will regulate industries. We will revise the industry access catalog and upgrade standards on energy consumption, land use and water conservation, environmental protection, technology and safety; improve tax collection and management; promote the improvement and upgrading of the service industry; strictly control unplanned development of low-end industries, and crack down on illegal construction, production and operation. Thirdly, we will strengthen population management through housing rental control. We will support the formulation of regulations on rental housing, and promote the “organized management” model, i.e. manage rental housing according to law, and continue to solve the problem of “group-renting” (qunzu). Fourthly, we will improve services and management. We will implement the new birth control policy that allows families to have two children provided that one parent is an only child, and study relevant service and guarantee measures. We will do a good job in the basic registration of the migrant population and issuance of residence permits to them, establish a service and management system that covers all residents, and push forward the residence permit system. 

Making every effort to control air pollution. We will implement the Provisions on Air Pollution Prevention and Control, and push forward various control projects to ensure the completion of annual tasks under the Clean Air Action Plan. We will upgrade coal-fired boilers with a total capacity of 4,100 tons of steam per hour, basically eliminate coal-fired boilers within the Fifth Ring Road perimeter, carry out a new round of rural grid upgrading, accelerate the reduction of raw coal burning by individual households at peri-urban and rural areas, and put four major gas-fired co-generation plants into full operation. Annual coal consumption will be reduced by 2.6 million tons and 300 polluting enterprises will be closed. Annual passenger car purchase quota will be restricted, the share of clean energy vehicles will be increased year by year, and heavy-polluting vehicles will be basically eliminated. We will strictly supervise construction sites and transportation of construction waste and debris to substantially reduce dust pollution. We will continue planting “large-scale forests” and forest corridors; realize the majority part of the one million mu (66,667 hectares) flatland forestation project, and do a good job in the management and protection of forests, green lands and wetlands. We will accelerate the modernization of meteorological services, conduct research on the sources of fine particulate matter, conduct research on key technology on emission reduction, and implement contingency plans for heavily polluted days. We will improve public awareness and guidance of the public opinion to mobilize participation, support and supervision.

Making progress in garbage and sewage treatment. We will fully implement the three-year action plan, accelerate the construction of garbage and sewage treatment facilities, and complete the treatment of 100 unofficial landfills. We will treat 85% of the city’s sewage and use 860 million cubic meters of recycled water. We will institute a responsibility system for pollution source control, tighten supervision over corporate pollution sources, introduce innovation in management of river basins and joint law enforcement mechanism, and punish illegal pollutant discharges. We will improve the waste disposal system and the overall process management system. We will adopt incineration, integrated treatment and recycling technologies, promote household waste sorting and waste reduction at the source, and improve the recycling of construction waste.

Enhancing capabilities to secure resources and energy. We will most rigorously manage water and land resources and strengthen the evaluation of resource and energy use efficiency. We will make comprehensive progress in constructing auxiliary facilities for the South-North Water Diversion Project. We will accelerate projects to connect different water systems and construct strategic water reserves. We will renovate 300 kilometers of water supply pipelines in downtown areas to ensure secured post-flood water supply. We will accelerate the construction of a comprehensive flood control and drainage system, dredge 500 kilometers of small- and medium-sized rivers, and upgrade the drainage capacity of 23 underpasses. We will do a good job in constructing rain and flood water utilization facilities and farmland water projects. We will strengthen scheduling of energy supply and energy reserve and enhance capabilities to guarantee gas and power supply. We will introduce heat meters to 65 million square meters of residential buildings, set a cap on power consumption of public buildings of over 3,000 square meters, and actively develop green buildings. We will promote the use of new products and technologies that conserve water and save energy and foster a habit of energy saving and water conservation in society.

Deepening regional cooperation and development. We will implement the national strategy for regional development and actively cooperate in the formulation of plans for developing the capital economic region. We will waste no time preparing special plans on urban planning, infrastructure, industrial development and ecological conservation; we will establish and improve coordination mechanisms for regional cooperation and development; we will take the initiative in the development of urban agglomerations comprising Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province. We will enhance market-based cooperation, give full play to the primary role of enterprises, and promote optimal allocation of various resources such as capital, personnel, information and technology in the region. We will focus on promoting connectivity of infrastructure; we will concentrate on key projects, such as the Beijing-Shenyang and the Beijing-Tangshan Passenger Railway Lines, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity Railway, the Beijing section of the Beijing-Kunming Expressway and the second phase of the National Highway 110, to promote integration of transportation. We will improve the regional mechanism for joint air pollution control and collaboratively develop key projects such as the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project and the “Three Norths” (Northwest, North and Northeast of China) Shelter Belt Project to develop a holistic regional ecological greenbelt. We will continue to promote one-on-one assistance and collaboration to draw on each other’s strengths and achieve shared development.

3. Introducing innovation to drive growth and accelerate economic restructuring. 

We will work hard for “entry” into certain sectors and be prepared for “exit” from others. We will foster new development advantages based on competitiveness in technology, brand and service, so as to achieve more coordinated and sustainable development.

Promoting new development through technological innovation. We will accelerate reform of the scientific research system, create links between research and economic and social development, and unleash the productive forces of science and technology to the largest extent. Firstly, we will improve the overall innovation capacity of the Zhongguancun National Innovation Demonstration Zone. We will make a master plan for comprehensive reform of the innovation system, tap into the potential of series of policies for piloting and experimenting, formulate a new round of policies that support innovation, improve the mechanism for coordinated development of “one zone with many parks”, issue guidance on optimizing the industrial layout in the demonstration zone, and push forward the construction of Zhongguancun Science City, Future Science and Technology City and the Beijing Science and Technology Business District. Secondly, we will let enterprises become major players in technological innovation. We will improve systems and mechanisms so that enterprises may take the lead in technological innovation; we will implement three projects, viz. development of R&D centers in enterprises, support for collaborative innovation between enterprises and universities. We will pay more attention to nurturing market-based organizations for providing scientific services, and guide the clustering of technology-business incubators and innovation-based incubators, to make professional services available to enterprises innovation. Thirdly, we will translate more technological advances into productivity. We will organize the implementation of the action plan for technological innovation and try to make early breakthroughs in the development and application of a number of core technologies. We will introduce innovation in the commercialization of research results and proceeds allocation system; deepen cooperation between central and local research institutions and between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the city, and further the integration of military and civilian technologies. We will improve the consultation mechanism between the Municipal Government and relevant ministries and commissions, strengthen coordination on the use of earmarked funds, and help commercialize a number of important R&D results. Fourthly, we will establish more flexible mechanisms for hiring and utilizing high-caliber personnel. We will expand the opening-up and cooperation in scientific research, implement special programs to attract talents from home and abroad, and support all kinds of innovation studios and start-up business bases. We will improve the management mechanism for research funds, increase autonomy in expenditure, and provide more incentives for key positions and core staff. Fifthly, we will implement the capital city strategy on intellectual property rights and standardization, and strengthen mechanisms in relation to market orientation, incentives and rewards, commercialization and infringements, so as to enhance the protection and use of intellectual property rights. We will do a good work in providing services for WIPO to set up office in Beijing.

Unleashing cultural creativity. We will keep to the direction of progress for advanced socialist culture, raise our cultural consciousness and cultural confidence, and foster and implement core values of socialism. We will deepen reforms of the cultural sector management system, improve the supervision mechanism for state-owned cultural assets, and improve the corporate governance structure of cultural institutions; we will promote the conversion of restructured institutions into modern enterprises, including corporations and joint stock companies, and encourage non-governmental capital to participate in the restructuring of state-owned cultural enterprises. We will formulate plans for developing a functional zone for cultural and creative industries, implement key projects such as the Core Performing Art Zone, the Cultural Bonded Area and National Digital Publishing Base and encourage the development of emerging industries. We will work out specific measures for developing a modern public cultural service system, advance the construction of regional cultural and sports centers, and improve facilities for cultural activities in communities; we will implement cultural projects for the people and enable equitable access to standard and basic public cultural services. We will expand subsidies for and procurement from the cultural sector and encourage the creation of high-quality cultural works so as to provide more and better cultural products and services for the people.

Making overall plans for differentiation and specialization. Based on population size, development quality and the ecological situation, we will establish and improve the differentiated performance evaluation system for districts and counties and reduce the weight of growth in the evaluation of Capital Core Functional Area and Ecological Conservation Area. We will improve the coordination mechanism for major industrial projects, and strengthen the evaluation of the economical and intensive use of park land of various types and at different levels. We will do a good job of the development of the core area of Central Business District; we will accelerate the intension development of and resource exchange for the Financial Street; we will promote the industrial upgrading of the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Area and its integration into the city; we will improve the overall functions in the central area of the Olympic Park; we will support the transformation and upgrading of the Linkong Economic Zone; and we will enhance the agglomeration and carrying capacity of the six high-end industrial functional zones. We will promote the construction of infrastructure in four high-end industrial new areas, and pool and foster leading industries. We will further implement the second phase of the South Beijing Development Action Plan and promote the transformation and development of the western part of Beijing. We will speed up the development of key mountain valleys in ecological conservation areas and continue to organize relocation of farmers from these areas; we will develop 32 eco-friendly and clean small-river valleys, complete the development of the Yanqi Lake Ecological Demonstration Zone, and make solid progress in preparations for the 2019 Beijing International Horticultural Exhibition; we will drive the development of tourism and other green industries.

Deepening industrial restructuring. Based on the development pattern of industries in mega cities, we will develop a modern industrial system that suits the functional orientation of the capital city, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. We will strengthen modern manufacturing industries based on competitive advantage and solid foundations and, in principle, will no longer develop general manufacturing industries. We will actively develop non-basic public services in education, science and technology, culture, healthcare and sports; we will upgrade productive services such as finance, information, and commerce. We will foster new growth centers in the fields of new-generation information technology, biology and clean renewable energy and expand strategic emerging industries. We will seize the opportunity of large-scale environmental improvement to expand the energy conservation and environmental protection industry. We will accelerate the development of clean-energy vehicles industry, plan and construct charging and battery-swapping facilities, and encourage the purchase of clean-energy vehicles. We will grasp the features of big data era, upgrade traditional industry with internet thinking and accelerate the development of mobile internet, the Internet of Things and cloud computing. We will do the third economic census. We will implement cooperation agreements with central government authorities and units of the Beijing-based Chinese People’s Liberation Army and turn the city’s advantages in resources into development advantages.

Improving the structure of domestic demand. We will make an overall plan for and make good use of government investments. We will focus on investment returns and invest more in environmental management, life improvement and infrastructure and in rural and underdeveloped areas. We will facilitate investment by, and provide services for, all kinds of investors; we will raise the share of private investment. We will properly manage the pace of development; we will make good connections between relocation and construction, between main projects and supporting facilities, and between non-profit and commercial development; we will accelerate the development of key projects. We will let consumption play a fundamental role. We will promote the steady growth of the consumption of goods and vigorously expand the consumption of services; we will encourage green and energy-saving consumption, accelerate the development of e-commerce and on-line consumption, and expand information consumption. We will further the national comprehensive pilot reforms in tourism, support the development of tourism industry, improve service capacity, and raise the level of inbound consumption and tourism consumption. We will issue guidelines for improving the consumption environment and enhance supervision over enterprise operation to create a safe and worry-free environment for consumers.

Developing an open economy. We will use the China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS) to stimulate cultural trade and expand trade in services. We will accelerate the building of demonstration bases for foreign trade upgrading and an industrial park for cross-border e-commerce; we will establish a demonstration zone for the export of high-quality advantageous products and encourage more exports from enterprises with self-owned brands and proprietary intellectual property rights. We will take steps to integrate and optimize special customs supervision areas, implement measures to facilitate trade and investment, and enhance port services. We will improve performance of foreign investments, support enterprises in exploring global markets, and encourage design, consultation, cultural businesses and local brands to go global. We will deepen business and trade cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and do a good job in foreign affairs and matters related to Taiwan and overseas Chinese. We will actively coordinate and cooperate with Hebei Province in jointly bidding for the XXIV Olympic Winter Games.